Once the melt is ready, it is inoculated with small addition of magnesium or chromium available in ferro. These are the sg iron grade requirement to chemical components and physical properties, also grade comparison chart, and material standards using in usa. Sg iron is also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron and spherulitic cast iron. Pdf spheroidal graphite sg irons with a variety of matrixstructure have been produced. While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its. The followings are the grade requirement to the chemical components and physical properties, and also grade comparison chart. The astm has five standards covering ductile iron castings. Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure. The final number in the grade refers to the percentage elongation. On the other hand, when the matrix structure approaches a fully pearlitic matrix the fracture energy is decreased by.
Tensile strength is by far the more common specification. Table 1 classification of cast iron by commercial designation. The ascast tensile strength of ductile iron ranges from 60,000 to 100,000 psi. Annealed cast ductile iron can be bent, twisted or deformed without fracturing. It is expected that this trend of declining iron ore product grades is most likely to continue well into the future. Astm a536 1007003, engjs7002, ggg70, ductile iron, sg. Although some grades just require elongation 10%, the iron foundries just n chemical composition to make the elongation a little higher, then they will meet the requirement. Pdf mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure. At sg castings we mostly cast in grade 45010 ductile cast iron but have the facilities to cast in a range of sg and grey iron grades. Where strength requirements need to surpass that of aluminium and grey iron, but where steel is not suitable, ductile iron finds a. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and sg iron, is a type of graphite rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by keith millis.
Ductile iron spheroidal graphite f,p,a silvergray solidification or heat treatment compacted graphite iron compacted vermicular graphite p,p gray solidification white iron fc. A number of variables including chemical composition, cooling rate, type. Effect of basic chemical element in sgi ductile iron ijert. The main characteristic of the ductile iron grades is a spheroidal shaped graphite structure. Sg 9002, sg 800z, sg 7002, sg 6003, sg 5007, sg 45010, sg 400l 5, sg 40018 and so 350122. At moderate to high elongations, the thinwall samples were significantly stronger than samples. It has comparatively high tensile strength, and good abrasive resista nce. Alloy data sheet astm a536 654512 ductile iron penticton. Ductile iron data for engineers preface ductile iron data for design engineers revised edition. Grade, chemical composition and properties material. Oluwasegun abstractductile cast irons are materials having strength, impact toughness and ductility comparable to those of many grades of steel. West yorkshire steel are suppliers of 7002 sg iron bar in diameters and a limited range of flat sections.
In the as cast condition a range of properties from high ductility to comparatively high strengths can be produced by control of the composition and production process. Spheroidal graphite cast iron grades, properties, composition. The quality of this iron ore was evaluated to establish its suitability to serve as a raw material for iron production. Grey cast iron composition and property grey cast iron gray iron is so called because of the colour of the fracture face. Iso 1083 2004 standard for ductile iron material grades. The rounded graphite nodules produces a more ductile cast iron that inhibits the formation of cracks. If we govern such composition that will be optimal by virtue of its study of effects on castings. Therefore, sg cast iron has completely same grades and all mechanical and chemical properties as ductile iron. In sg cast iron the graphite is in the form of spherical nodules hence the name spheroidal graphite rather than flakes as in grey iron. Introduction to stainless steels asm international.
To make the austenitic matrix stable at low temperatures requires raising the nickel content in cast iron to a level of 3035%. The apparent variation in the properties with the pearlite. Technical information sg castings ductile iron foundry. Country specification designation 150 180 200 220 250 260 300 350. Chemical composition of sg iron, ductile iron gjs450 according to all international material standards, the chemical composition should.
Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. The main characteristic of this material is the structure of the graphite. The ductile irons show complex chemical composition, so rigorous control is required for all the groups of elements acting differently in these materials 1. Closer control of base iron composition is essential for control of nodularity and matrix.
Ductile iron offers several advantages over castings. Mechanical and structural properties of ductile cast iron. Sg iron is also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron. Pearlitic spheroidal graphite rolls have a thick layer of cast iron with nodular graphite, the name of such roll is based on the fact that the material consists of nodular graphite and carbides in a pearlitic matrix, the softest grades have a pearlitic matrix containing ferrite around the graphite nodules, while the higher hardness grades have a complete pearlitic matrix. Material properties grade, chemical composition and properties. So that it is difficult to achieve the targeted mechanical properties and the microstructure as per the given specification it always affects in the end use of the product. Chemistry and hardness listed in this spec would be typical for a grade 654512. Spheroidal graphite sg irons with a variety of matrixstructure have been produced. Standard flake iron fg high strength flake iron hs. The chemical compositions in ductile iron are always considered in the range.
Mechanical properties of thinwall ductile iron castings. While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions. Pdf mechanical properties of sgiron with different. The study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and microstructure of raw iron ore from the deposits in muko area southwestern uganda. The chemical composition of many fine iron ore products continues to decline with time as highergrade reserves are replaced with lowergrade reserves for both directship and beneficiated products. Engineering handbook steelmaking basic descriptions of making carbon, alloy, stainless, and tool steel p.
This nodular graphite structure inhibits the creation of linear cracks hence the ability to withstand distortion. Iron ores and concentrate products have an apparent wide range in chemical composition, especially for fe 5667% and the main contaminant oxides sio 2 0. Sg iron such as engjs6003 has a greater fatigue and impact resistance compared to grey iron. Grade st1 sg iron ductile continuous cast iron related specifications. This grade is slightly less machinable than 654512 and is used when better wear resistance and higher strengths are required. Bs2789 grade 7002 sg iron bs2789 grade 7002 sg iron suppliers and stockholders, delivering to the whole of the uk. Oluwasegun abstractductile cast irons are materials having strength, impact toughness and ductility comparable to those of many grades of steel while exceeding by far those of standard gray irons. Chemistry requirements are not specified in the astm a536 standard. Energy of about 230 103jm2 is required to fracture a ferritic matrix sgiron. Sg 7002a, sg 6003a, sg 5007a, sg 40015a, sg 400 i8a and sg 35022a. National institute of technology rourkela this is to certify that the thesis entitled, characterization of sg iron submitted by vikash kumar jha 2mm1468 in partial fulfillment. The material has very good thermal properties coupled with property of imparting good surface finish to the. As the name ductile iron suggests this grade of cast iron has a degree of ductility. As we know, there is small change in the chemical composition, the wide effects on the mechanical properties and their microstructure.
Influencing factors on ascast and heat treated 40018 ductile iron. Sg iron casting grades and standards dandong foundry. These are cast iron based rolls alloyed with nickel, chromium and molybdenum having a matrix of pearlite and carbide with flake graphite. The following table shows the range of grades available within the current iso standard, by tensile strength. The other standards cover austenitic and special ductile iron applications. The current iso standard for ductile iron, iso 1083, specifies grades either by tensile strength, proof stress and elongation or brinell hardness.
The quality of sg iron is excellent and xray quality castings are regularly produced. This grade of iron was developed over 60 years ago and in the usa. Spheroidal graphite cast iron grades, properties, composition, microstructure, density and castings. Austenitic stainless steels constitute the largest stainless steel family in terms of alloys and usage. The correlation between tensile properties, impact toughness, hardness and pearlite content is investigated. Chapters 7 and 8, which deal with cast corrosionresistant and heatresistant stainless steels, respectively, should be consulted.
In fact ductile cast iron provides a wide spectrum of mechanical. Astm a536 654512 is a nodular iron with a ferritic and pearlitic microstructure and mechanical properties comparable to low alloy steels. Steel express can supply 45010 sg iron in bars up to 3m in length, stock can be cut to length as required. G iron is a high carbon ferrous material with graphite in the spheroidal form achieved with a small amount of magnesium and therefore the name derived. Astm a 536 is the most frequently used, covering the general engineering grades of ductile iron. Sometimes referenced as a ductile iron bs2789 grade 7002 is a spheroidal graphite iron that offers better strength, wear. Austenitic ductile iron for low temperature applications. As with grey iron, there are many grades of sg iron that can be specified offering the engineers varying degrees of tensile strength and elongation. The higher grades of grey cast iron that is, grades fg 300, fg 350 and fg 400 present special difficulties for section 10 mmand thinner. Bs2789 grade 6003 sg iron bs2789 grade 6003 sg iron stockholders and suppliers, delivering to the whole of the uk. The title describes both the contents and the objective of this book. Since grades of ductile iron are based on combinations of tensile test properties, tensile. Properties core iron fg hs sg hardness in equotip ld 450550 450550 515585 hardness in shore c 3040 3040 application.
Ductile cast iron frequently referred to as nodular or spheroid graphite iron is a recent member of the family of cast irons. However, if the analysis is normalized to correct for loss on ignition crystalbound water during sintering or. The following six grades of spheroidal cast iron for this category are. Sg iron is a type of cast iron that has been treated while molten with an element such as magnesium or cerium to induce the formation of free graphite as nodules or spherulites. A395 material, which has the greatest ductility, has a minimum tensile strength of 60,000 psi. Thus ductile iron has higher strengths, greater elongation and better resistance to impact than grey iron. S g iron rolls, spheroidal graphite iron rolls, acicular. Ductile iron 654512 is one grade in a family of many. Metallography and microstructures of cast iron 567 can be reduced to the desired size for metallographic specimens by using a. Cast iron properties, classification, chemical composition.
Cast iron castings, cast iron foundry, cast iron machined. Main text steel grade and chemical compositionsteel properties. The apparent variation in the properties with the pearlite level reveals the remarkable. Processing techniques and productions of ductile iron. Samples were taken from the six hills of muko ore deposits and tests carried out to establish their. It is brittle with low tensile strength, but is easy to cast. It contains spheroid graphite in the as cast condition, through the addition of nucleating agents such as cerium or magnesium to the liquid iron 2, 4. Ductile iron is a suitable material for a wide range of industries. Ductile iron what ductile iron is ductile iron is a family of cast graphitic irons which possess high strength, ductility and resistance to shock. It is a comprehensive summary of data describing the engineering properties of ductile iron.
The fine ferritic structure makes v3 654512 ductile iron the easiest machining of the three grades of versabar. Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix. Astm a536 1007003, engjs7002, ggg70, ductile iron, sg iron chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties astm a536 1007003 engjs7002, ggg70 is a type of high tensile strength ductile cast iron sg cast iron, n material grade. Cast iron is basically an alloy of iron and carbon and is obtained by remelting pig iron with coke, limestone and steel scrap in a furnace known as cupola.
Its strength, toughness and ductility duplicate many grades of steel and far exceed those of standard gray irons. Mechanical properties of sgiron with different matrix structure article pdf available in journal of materials science 365. Manufacturer of grey cast iron castings kamani foundry. Effect of basic chemical element in sgi ductile iron. The following nine grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron for this category are. The pearlite content is varied from 0 to about 95 per cent by the use of different heat treatment processes. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. This is to certify that the thesis entitled, characterization of sg iron. Engjs6003 is an sg iron grade containing graphite nodules or spheres, spheroidal graphite. Ductile iron, also known as ductile cast iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and sg iron, is a type of graphiterich cast iron discovered in 1943 by keith millis.
Most foundries cast on, either a date, heat number, or code number that can be matched with records and tests. The latest breakthrough in cast irons is where the matrix of sg cast iron is not pearlite, but bainite. Engjs45010, astm a536 654512, ductile iron, sg iron. The all data in this documents is referred to chinese standard of gbt. The chemical composition of the sg cast iron is similar to that of the gray cast iron, but with an additional 0. Australia as 1831 400 250 12 great britain bs 2789 2789 sng 2712 usa astm a536 65 45 12 description. The main aim of adding nickel to the cast iron for low temperature applications is to retain austenite in the cast iron matrix. West yorkshire steel are suppliers of 6003 sg iron bar, available in diameters and a limited range of flat sections. Sometimes referenced as a ductile iron bs2789 grade 6003 is a spheroidal graphite iron that offers better. The astm has issued in 1990 a new specification defining the properties of austempered ductile iron.
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